NASA iyo Waddamada Yurub Bixiya Macluumaadka Satelaitka ee Ka Dhex Baxa Xaaladda El Niño
NASA iyo shirkadaha Yurub ee xirfadleyda leh waxay ku bilowdeen bishii November ee hore, inay soo saaraan satelaitka Sentinel-6B, kaas oo ka caawinaya in la faahfaahiyo xaaladda El Niño iyo in la hubiyo baahida u qabso xasiloonida iyo amniga.
Xaaladda El Niño iyo Saameynta Satelaitka
Satelaitka Sentinel-6B wuxuu ku socdaa 30 ilbiriqsi ka dib satelaitkiisa hore ee Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, iyagoo labadooduba bixiya macluumaadka saxda ah ee heerka badda. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inay noqdaan kuwa ugu horreeya ee ka shaqeeya barnaamijka Copernicus Sentinel-6/Jason-CS, kaas oo ka socda 1990-kii hore.
Josh Willis, wuxuu sheegay in El Niño tani ay ahayd mid aad u bilowday, waxaana la sheegay inay hadda gaartay heerka ugu sarreeya ee la arkay 1997 iyo 2015. Wuxuu intaas ku daray inay tahay mid aad u weyn, taas oo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay deegaanka.
Macluumaadka Satelaitka iyo Xasiloonida
On July 15, Sentinel-6B waxay bilaabatay inay bixiso macluumaadka degdegga ah ee la isticmaali karo in la faahfaahiyo xaaladda. Macluumaadkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la hubiyo baahida u qabso xasiloonida iyo amniga, iyadoo la raadiyo in la helo macluumaadka saxda ah ee la isticmaali karo.
Deirdre Byrne, wuxuu sheegay inay tahay mid aad u muhiim ah in la hubiyo inay tahay mid aad u weyn, taas oo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay deegaanka. Wuxuu intaas ku daray inay tahay mid aad u weyn, taas oo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay deegaanka.
Saameynta Satelaitka iyo Xasiloonida
Satelaitka Sentinel-6 waxay bixiyaan macluumaadka saxda ah ee la isticmaali karo in la faahfaahiyo xaaladda. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inay noqdaan kuwa ugu horreeya ee ka shaqeeya barnaamijka Copernicus Sentinel-6/Jason-CS, kaas oo ka socda 1990-kii hore.
Severine Fournier, wuxuu sheegay inay tahay mid aad u muhiim ah in la hubiyo inay tahay mid aad u weyn, taas oo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay deegaanka. Wuxuu intaas ku daray inay tahay mid aad u weyn, taas oo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay deegaanka.
NASA and its European partners have launched the Sentinel-6B satellite to improve hurricane forecasts and protect coastal infrastructure during a historic El Niño event that is now reaching unprecedented strength.
A Historic El Niño and a Dual-Satellite Watch
NASA and its European partners launched the Sentinel-6B satellite to improve hurricane forecasts, help protect infrastructure, and benefit commercial industries, including shipping. The satellite now is flying 30 seconds behind its predecessor, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich. Both satellites are providing precise sea level height measurements during what oceanographers expect to be a historic El Niño, a naturally occurring oceanic phenomenon in which warmer-than-usual Pacific waters shift global weather patterns.
This El Niño was a late-bloomer that didn't kick off until the middle of the year and is just now reaching a strength similar to what has been seen in the satellite record during significant El Niños in 1997 and 2015. El Niños generally scramble weather patterns tied to rainfall and storms, including hurricanes. During El Niño, weakened winds result in heat spreading east toward South America, which shifts hurricane activity from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
How Satellite Data Fuels Hurricane Predictions
On July 15, Sentinel-6B began delivering low-latency data to scientists that could be used for weather predictions. Data from Sentinel-6 satellite missions feeds into hurricane tracking algorithms used by federal and state agencies. Those predictions can activate disaster response efforts, mobilizing resources ranging from sandbag placement to National Guard activation. They also can lead to evacuation orders that require quick but well-informed decisions about logistics at a local level. More severe events may require engaging larger organizations, such as the Federal Emergency Management.
Each Sentinel-6 satellite measures ocean height, as well as the size of waves and marine wind speed, using a radar altimeter. Each Sentinel-6 satellite carries a second instrument, called the Global Navigation Satellite System – Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO), which measures atmospheric properties, such as humidity, pressure, and temperature. A tropical storm can take a week or more to become a hurricane and make its way to a coastline, but a hurricane can rapidly intensify in the 48 hours prior to landfall, leaving planners little time to prepare.
A Decades-Long Legacy of Ocean Observation
The Copernicus Sentinel-6/Jason-CS mission is the latest in a series of ocean-observing radar altimetry missions that have been monitoring Earth's changing seas continuously since the early 1990s. The Sentinel-6 missions are extending a precise dataset deep into its fourth decade, tracing back to the TOPEX/Poseidon mission, which launched in 1992. Sentinel-6B will take over for its predecessor as the reference satellite for global sea level measurements later this year.
The Copernicus Sentinel-6/Jason-CS mission was jointly developed by ESA, EUMETSAT, NASA, and NOAA, with funding support from the European Commission and technical support from the French space agency CNES. NASA JPL contributed three science instruments for each Sentinel-6 satellite: the Advanced Microwave Radiometer, the GNSS-RO, and the Laser Retroreflector Array. Spacecraft monitoring and control, as well as the processing of all the altimeter science data, is carried out by EUMETSAT on behalf of the European Union's Copernicus Programme.
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