Dhererka aadanaha: 10 sentimitir koror 100 sano gudahood, laakiin rajada mustaqbalku way adkaan kartaa

Daraasad 2016 ah ayaa muujisay in dumarka Kuuriyada Koonfureed ay 20 sentimitir koreen, ragga Iiraanna 17 sentimitir.

Sida laga soo xigtay Our World in Data, celceliska dhererka dhalinyarada adduunka maanta waa qiyaastii 10 sentimitir ka dheer kuwii 100 sano ka hor. Khubaradu waxay xiriirka kororkaas u nisbeeyaan cunto wanaagsan, maaraynta cudurrada oo horumartay iyo tallaallada, iyagoo ku nuuxnuuxsaday in dhererku uu calaamad u yahay tayada nolosha.

Kororka dhererka iyo sababaha ku salaysan cunto iyo caafimaad

Daraasad la sameeyay 2016 oo is barbar dhigtay dadkii dhashay 1896 iyo 1996 ayaa ogaatay in dumarka Kuuriyada Koonfureed ay koreen celcelis ahaan 20 sentimitir, halka ragga Iiraan ay koreen 17 sentimitir. Dr. Aravinda Guntupalli oo ah macallin sare oo ka tirsan caafimaadka adduunka ee Jaamacadda Aberdeen ee Scotland ayaa sheegtay in kororkaas uu sabab u yahay cuntooyinka la hagaajiyay, maaraynta cudurrada oo horumartay, tallaallada iyo arrimo kale oo badan.

Daraasado ayaa muujinaya in 80 ilaa 90 boqolkiiba dhererka qofka ay go'aamiyaan hidde-sidayaashiisa, halka qaybta soo hartay ay saameeyaan nafaqada, la kulanka cudurrada, deegaanka carruurnimada iyo helitaanka adeegyada caafimaadka. Dr. Matthias Blum oo ah taariikhyahan dhaqaale ah isla markaana bare ka ah Jaamacadda Queen's ee Belfast ayaa yiri: "Dhererku waa cabbir wanaagsan oo lagu ogaan karo heerka ladnaanta dadka."

Isbeddellada taariikhiga ah: beeraha, masiibada iyo warshadaha

Sida laga soo xigtay Blum, isbeddelkii ugu horreeyay ee dhererka aadanaha wuxuu yimid xilligii Kacaankii Neolithic, qiyaastii 10,000 ilaa 12,000 oo sano ka hor, markii aadanuhu bilaabeen inay ka wareegaan ugaarsiga iyo dabashada una wareegaan beeraha. Daraasad la sameeyay 2022 ayaa lagu ogaaday in, marka laga saaro saameynta kala duwanaanshaha hidde-sidaha, celceliska dhererka dadka Neolithic uu ka gaaban yahay 2.8 sentimitir kuwii ka horreeyay.

Bartamihii qarnigii 14-aad, cudur faafa oo loo yaqaanay 'Dhimashada Madow' ayaa ku faafay Yurub, wuxuuna dilay qiyaastii kala bar dadkii ku noolaa qaaraddaas. Dr. Guntupalli iyo asxaabteeda ayaa daraasad ku sameeyay qalfoof laga helay Ingiriiska, taasoo tilmaamaysa in celceliska dhererka dadka bilowgii qarnigii 14-aad uu ahaa qiyaastii 170 sentimitir, markii la gaaray bilowgii qarnigii 15-aadna uu gaaray qiyaastii 174 sentimitir. Guntupalli waxay qiyaasaysaa in mid ka mid ah sababaha kororkaas uu noqon karo kor u kaca mushaharka shaqaalaha.

Warshadaha iyo mustaqbalka dhererka aadanaha

Kacaankii Warshadaha oo ka bilowday Britain qarnigii 18-aad ayaa horseeday isbeddel labaad. Guntupalli waxay sheegtay in xaaladda deegaanka xilliyadii hore ay ahayd mid "aan ugu wanaagsanayn caafimaadka", taasoo keentay hoos u dhac ku yimid dhererka tobannaankii sano ee ugu horreeyay. Koror cad ayaa la arkay markii dakhliga dadku kordhay lana qaaday tallaabooyin caafimaad oo dadweyne. Blum wuxuu yiri: "Waxay ahayd isbeddello badan oo is biirsaday, kuwaas oo wada yeeshay saameyn."

Koonfurta Kuuriya waxay goor dambe bilowday horumarinta warshadaha, balse falanqeyn 2016 ah ayaa sheegtay in kobaca dhaqaale ee degdegga ah uu sababay mid ka mid ah kororka ugu dhaqsaha badan: ragga 15 sentimitir, dumarkana 20 sentimitir. Blum wuxuu sheegay in dalal badan oo horumaray maanta celceliska dhererku uusan u muuqan mid sii kordhaya in kasta oo dakhligu kordhay, sababtana aanay caddayn. Guntupalli waxay shakisan tahay in dhererka mustaqbalka sii kordho, iyadoo tilmaantay yaraanta cunto iyo shidaal iyo "sinnaan la'aan ba'an" ee maanta jirta.

Researchers link taller generations to better diets, disease control and sanitation, while warning that inequality and poor conditions can reverse the trend.

According to Our World in Data, young people worldwide today are about 10 centimeters taller on average than their ancestors 100 years ago. Researchers say height reflects living conditions, but the trend has not been steady across history.

Who grew the most in the past century

A 2016 study compared people born in 1896 and 1996 and found that South Korean women and Iranian men recorded the largest height increases. South Korean women grew an average of 20 cm, while Iranian men grew 17 cm. Dr. Aravinda Guntupalli, a senior lecturer in global health at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland, attributed the increase to improved diets, better disease management, vaccinations and many other factors.

Genes, diet and the first major shift

Studies show that 80 to 90 percent of a person's height is determined by genes. The rest is influenced by nutrition, exposure to disease, the childhood environment and access to health services. Dr. Matthias Blum, an economic historian and lecturer at Queen's University Belfast, said, "Height is a good measure of the level of well-being of people." He also said, "Height increase is a sign of good quality of life." Blum said the first major change came during the Neolithic Revolution, about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, when humans moved from hunting and gathering to agriculture.

Plague, industry and the limits of growth

A 2022 study found that, after removing the effect of genetic variation, the average height of Neolithic people was 2.8 cm shorter than those before them. Blum said, "It is related to hunger or satiety. In this regard, food from animals was good, as the amino acids in it are very important for the body." In the mid-14th century, the Black Death killed about half of Europe's population. Guntupalli and her colleagues studied skeletons found in England, indicating average height was about 170 cm at the start of the 14th century and about 174 cm at the start of the 15th.